1Prevalence of prediabetes in England from 2003 to 2011. A G Mainhous III et al, British Medical Journal, 2014. http://bmjopen. bmj.com/content/4/6/e005002.full.

　　2Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults. Xu Y et al,Journal of the American Medical Association, 2013. http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24002281.

　　3Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the US. L Gross et al, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/79/5/774. full.

　　4The Look Ahead Research Group, New England Journal of Medecine,2013. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1212914.

　　5Always-hungry? Here’s why. D Ludwig and M Friedman, New York Times, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/18/opinion/sunday/always-hungry-heres-why.html?_r=0.

　　6Effects of diet on metabolism in humans. D Ludwig, Harvard Medical School, 2012.

　　High glycaemic foods, overeating, and obesity. D Ludwig et al, Pediatrics, 1999, 103:E26.

　　7Effects of diet on metabolism in humans. D Ludwig, Harvard Medical School, 2012.

　　8Risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance. E L Barr et al, Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study, 2007. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17576864.

　　9Glucose tolerance status and risk of dementia in the community. T Ohara et al, Neurology, 2011, http://www.neurology.org/ content/77/12/1126.abstract.

　　10Looking older: the effect of higher blood sugar levels. Leiden University Med Center, 2011. http://www.research.leiden.edu/news/looking-older-blood-sugar-plays-a-role.html.

　　11Who would have thought it? An operation proves to be the most effective therapy for adult-onset diabetes mellitus. W J Pories et al, Annals of Surgery, 1995. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1234815/.

　　12 Type 2 diabetes: etiology and reversibility. R Taylor, Diabetes Care, 2013. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/36/4/1047.short.

　　13Reappraisal of metformin efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. R Boussageon et al, Plos, 2012. http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371 /journal. pmed.1001204.

　　14Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol. E L Lim, Diabetologia, 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21656330.

　　15Restoring normoglycaemia by use of a very low calorie diet in long-and short-duration type 2 diabetes. S Steven et al, Diabet Med, 2015.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25683066.

　　16The Mind-Body Diabetes Revolution, R Surwit, pub. Da Capo Press, 2005.

　　17Ibid.

　　18A single night of partial sleep deprivation induces insulin resistance in multiple metabolic pathways in healthy subjects. E Donga, et al, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2010,95(6):2963-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20371664.

　　19Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes. O Ajala et al, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23364002.

　　20Low carbohydrate diet to achieve weight loss and improve HbA1c in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: experience from one general practice. D Unwin and J Unwin, Practical Diabetes, 2014.http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/extras/low%20carb/Low%20Carb%20 Diet%20for%20Weight%20Loss%20and%20Diabetes%20-%20 Unwin%202014.pdf.

　　21Myths, presumptions, and facts about obesity. K Casazza et al, New England Journal of Medecine, 2013. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1208051.

　　22The effect of rate of weight loss on long term weight management: arandomised controlled trial. K Purcell, University of Melbourne,The Lancet/Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2014. http://www.thelancet. com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(14)70200-1/abstract.

　　23The Minnesota starvation experiment. A Keys et al, University of Minnesota, 1944. http://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/10/hunger. aspx.

　　24Resting energy expenditure in short-term starvation is increased as a result of an increase in serum norepinephrine. C Zauner et al,American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/71/6/1511.full.

　　25Myths, presumptions, and facts about obesity. K Casazza et al, New England Journal of Medecine, 2013. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1208051.

　　26Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. R Estruch et al, New England Journal of Medicine, 2013. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1200303#t=articleMethod.

　　27Standardised mindfulness-based interventions in healthcare: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs. R A Gotink et al, Plos, 2015. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371 /journal. pone.0124344.

　　28Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. R Estruch et al, New England Journal of Medicine, 2013. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1200303#t=articleMethod.

　　29The relationship between high-fat dairy consumption and obesity, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease. M Kratz et al, European Journal of Nutrition, 2012. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007 %2Fs00394-012-0418-1.

　　30Mediterranean diet may lower risk of diabetes. American College of Cardiology, 2014. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140327100806.htm.

　　31Mediterranean diet and invasive breast cancer risk among women at high cardiovascular risk in the PREDIMED trial. E Toledo et al, JAMA, 2015. http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?article id=2434738&resultClick=.

　　32Mediterranean diet improves cognition. E H Martinez-Lapiscina et al, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 2013. http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/84/12/1318.

　　33Effects of initiating moderate alcohol intake on cardiometabolic risk in adults with type 2 diabetes. Y Gepner et al, Annals of Internal Medicine, 2015. http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2456121.

　　34Diet and the prevention of cardiovascular disease: physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices. N Harkin et al, Journal of the American College Cardiology, 2015. http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=2198773.

　　35Low-fat diet not a cure-all. Harvard School of Public Health, http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/low-fat/. Citing article: Low-fat dietary pattern and weight change over 7 years: the Women’s Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial. B V Howard et al,Journal of the American Medical Association, 2006.

　　36Trends in mean waist circumference and abdominal obesity among US adults 1999-2012, E S Ford et al, Journal of the AmericanMedical Association, 2014. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article. aspx?articleid=1904816.

　　37Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). http://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/research-areas/diabetes/diabetes-prevention-program-dpp/Pages/default.aspx.

　　38Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol. E L Lim, Diabetologia, 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21656330.

　　39Restoring normoglycaemia by use of a very low calorie diet in long-and short-duration type 2 diabetes. S Steven et al, Diabet Med, 2015.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25683066.

　　40The pull of the past: when do habits persist despite conflict with motives? D Neal et al, USC, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2011. http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/sites/ipham/docs/WW_WIP20130122_Habits.pdf.

　　41Slim by design: kitchen counter correlates of obesity. B Wansink et al, Cornell Univ, SSRN, 2015.

　　42Are breaks in self-weighing associated with weight gain? E E Helander et al, Plos, 2014. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113164.

　　43The effect of intermittent energy and carbohydrate restriction v. daily energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers in overweight women. M Harvie et al, British Journal of Nutrition,2013.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23591120.

　　44Does exercise without weight loss improve insulin sensitivity?R Ross, Diabetes Care, 2003.

　　45Coronary heart disease and physical activity of work.J N Morris, Lancet , 1953, 265: 1053-1057.

　　46Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: systematic review and metaanalysis. E G Wilmot et al, Diabetologia, 2012.

　　47Television viewing time and reduced life expectancy: a life table analysis. J L Veerman et al, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2012.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23007179.

　　48Interrupting prolonged sitting impacts blood sugar metabolism. M C Peddie et al, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013.

　　49Standing-based office work shows encouraging signs of attenuating post-prandial glycaemic excursion. J P Buckley et al, University of Chester, 2013. http://oem.bmj.com/content/early/2013/12/02/oemed-2013-101823.full.pdf?keytype=ref&ijkey=fvcEm117f zTcT51.

　　50The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial. K Karstoft et al, Diabetes Care, 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23002086.

　　51High-intensity circuit training using bodyweight: Maximum Results With Minimal Investment. B Klika et al, AC**’S Health & Fitness Journal, 2013. http://journals.lww.com/acsm-healthfitness/fulltext/2013/05000/high_intensity_circuit_training_using_body_weight_.5.aspx.

　　52Neural correlates of mindfulness meditation-related anxiety relief. F Zeidan et al, Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2013.http://scan.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/06/03/scan.nst041.full.pdf.

　　53Gestational diabetes mellitus: clinical predictors and long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using survival analysis, A J Lee et al, Diabetes Care, 2007. http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17392549.